Data Control Language (DCL) Commands

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Now DCL commands in the exact same pattern you liked:

• Base state

• Question

• SQL

• Result / Output (privilege table)

• ✔ clear takeaways

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📘 Base State (Before DCL Commands)

Users & Table

• User: john_doe

• Table: employees

Existing Privileges (Initially)

User	Table	SELECT	INSERT	UPDATE	DELETE
john_doe	employees	❌	❌	❌	❌

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🧾 Summary Table (DCL Questions)

No.	DCL Command	Question
1	GRANT	Give SELECT & INSERT access
2	REVOKE	Remove SELECT & INSERT access

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1️⃣ GRANT

Question: Give user john_doe permission to SELECT and INSERT data from employees table.

GRANT SELECT, INSERT
ON employees
TO john_doe;

✅ Result (Privileges AFTER GRANT)

User	Table	SELECT	INSERT	UPDATE	DELETE
john_doe	employees	✅	✅	❌	❌

✔ User can read data (SELECT)
✔ User can add data (INSERT)
✔ Other actions still restricted

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2️⃣ REVOKE

Question: Remove SELECT and INSERT permissions from user john_doe.

REVOKE SELECT, INSERT
ON employees
FROM john_doe;

✅ Result (Privileges AFTER REVOKE)

User	Table	SELECT	INSERT	UPDATE	DELETE
john_doe	employees	❌	❌	❌	❌

✔ Access removed
✔ User can no longer read or insert data

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🔥 GRANT vs REVOKE (Exam Favorite)

Feature	GRANT	REVOKE
Purpose	Give permission	Take permission
Affects	User / Role	User / Role
Data change	❌ No	❌ No
Structure change	❌ No	❌ No
Category	DCL	DCL

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🧠 One-Line Memory Trick (DCL)

Command	Meaning
GRANT	Allow access
REVOKE	Remove access

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⚠️ Exam Notes (Important)

• DCL commands do not modify data

• Used mainly by DBA / Admin

• Privileges can be given on table, view, database

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If you want next:

• TCL commands (COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT)

• Complete SQL cheat-sheet (DDL + DML + DCL + TCL)

• MCQs with privilege-based output

• Hindi explanation for exams

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